| KQ-X | |
|---|---|
| A Northrop Grumman RQ-4B similar to that used in the KQ-X aerial refuelling trials. | |
| Project for | Autonomous aerial refueling |
| Issued by | DARPA |
| Value | $33 million |
| Date initiated | July 1, 2010 |
| Date concluded | September 2012 |
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- On August 14, 2014, the Company established a wholly-owned subsidiary in China, engaged in retail stores management and sale of clothes, shoes and pictorial magazine. » Full Overview of 900040.KQ.
- KQ-X was a $33 million DARPA program awarded to Northrop Grumman on July 1, 2010. KQ-X investigated and developed autonomous aerial refueling techniques using two NASA Global Hawk high.
KQ-X was a $33 million DARPA program awarded to Northrop Grumman on July 1, 2010. KQ-X investigated and developed autonomous aerial refueling techniques using two NASAGlobal Hawkhigh-altitude long endurance (HALE) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).[1]
Northrop Grumman retrofitted two of the HALE UAVs so that one aircraft can pump fuel into the other while in flight via a hose-and-drogue refueling system. Several aspects of the KQ-X program were considered revolutionary: not only would the aerial refueling be autonomous, but since Global Hawks are classified as HALE UAVs, the refueling tests would occur at an altitude higher than that typically performed using manned aircraft. The tests would also be the first time that HALE UAVs have been flown in formation.[2]
Engineering work was completed at the Northrop Grumman Unmanned Systems Development Center in Rancho Bernardo, California. Pilots from NASA, NOAA, and Northrop Grumman flew the Global Hawks from the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base, also in California. Sargent Fletcher Inc. and Sierra Nevada Corporation were major KQ-X subcontractors.[2]
Flight demonstrations occurred from January 11, 2012 to May 30. In these demonstrations, the aircraft extended and retracted the refueling hose, demonstrated precision control in formation with manual and automated breakaway maneuvers, flew in formation as close as 30 ft (9.1 m), and autonomously flew in close formation for over 2.5 hours under autonomous control within 100 ft (30 m) (one wingspan) of each other.[3] In a departure from traditional refueling methods, the tanker is fitted with a refueling probe on the nose, which trails behind the receiving aircraft equipped with a hose-drum unit under the fuselage, plugging into the drogue and pushing the fuel upwards. Autonomous aerial refueling was expected to extend the Global Hawk's endurance from 30–35 hours to 120–125 hours, set by payload reliability more than engine oil consumption.[4]
The KQ-X program ended in September 2012 without airborne fuel transfer occurring between the two UAVs. The two Global Hawks used in demonstrations were owned by NASA and jointly operated with Northrop Grumman. NASA required the two planes for atmospheric science missions in June 2012 after flight control testing and had to de-modify and reconfigure them to perform hurricane tracking flights after that. Further tests could have been performed, but NASA halted the use of the Global Hawks that June after a Navy operated version crashed. The May 30 flight was the ninth and final test of the program, with the two aircraft flying close at 44,800 ft (13,700 m) to measure aerodynamic and control interactions. Data from the flights were put into virtual simulations that concluded 60 percent of autonomous refueling attempts would result in contact between the refueling probe and receiver drogue. Further unmanned refueling tests were carried out under the Unmanned Combat Air System Demonstrator program with software from the Northrop Grumman X-47B UAV.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Photo Release -- DARPA Tasks Northrop Grumman to Demonstrate Autonomous Aerial Refueling'. Archived from the original on 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
- ^ ab'Northrop Grumman to Demonstrate NASA KQ-X Global Hawk Autonomous Aerial Refueling.' Guide to Military Equipment and Civil Aviation. N.p., 1 July 2010. Web. 13 July 2010.
- ^Global Hawks move closer to unmanned refueling - SuasNews.com, October 9, 2012
- ^KQ-X - Yes, That IS How They Do It- Aviationweek.com, 22 August 2012 Archived 4 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^Hurricane Casualty -- KQ-X Unmanned Refueling Demo- Aviationweek.com, 15 October 2012 Archived 12 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
Kq.rose, Kq.rose Fashion brand, Kq.rose Fashion, Kq.rose Official Website, Industrial Co., Ltd. of Shenzhen City Steel Roses is a professional design, production, sales of national well-known high fashion denim garment enterprises, operating with
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Industrial Co., Ltd. of Shenzhen City Steel Roses is a professional design, production, sales of national well-known high fashion denim garment enterprises, operating with 'Common Sense Rose' main brand young fashion denim products. The company 'unique, quality, service' business philosophy, through a professional R & D center in Shenzhen, the local first-class fashion and efficient processing of modern technology and flexible business model, so sonorous and roses growing brand in just a few years for the Chinese Women well-known brands on the market, products are popular among consumers
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Kq Ent
- On August 14, 2014, the Company established a wholly-owned subsidiary in China, engaged in retail stores management and sale of clothes, shoes and pictorial magazine. » Full Overview of 900040.KQ.
- KQ-X was a $33 million DARPA program awarded to Northrop Grumman on July 1, 2010. KQ-X investigated and developed autonomous aerial refueling techniques using two NASA Global Hawk high.
KQ-X was a $33 million DARPA program awarded to Northrop Grumman on July 1, 2010. KQ-X investigated and developed autonomous aerial refueling techniques using two NASAGlobal Hawkhigh-altitude long endurance (HALE) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).[1]
Northrop Grumman retrofitted two of the HALE UAVs so that one aircraft can pump fuel into the other while in flight via a hose-and-drogue refueling system. Several aspects of the KQ-X program were considered revolutionary: not only would the aerial refueling be autonomous, but since Global Hawks are classified as HALE UAVs, the refueling tests would occur at an altitude higher than that typically performed using manned aircraft. The tests would also be the first time that HALE UAVs have been flown in formation.[2]
Engineering work was completed at the Northrop Grumman Unmanned Systems Development Center in Rancho Bernardo, California. Pilots from NASA, NOAA, and Northrop Grumman flew the Global Hawks from the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base, also in California. Sargent Fletcher Inc. and Sierra Nevada Corporation were major KQ-X subcontractors.[2]
Flight demonstrations occurred from January 11, 2012 to May 30. In these demonstrations, the aircraft extended and retracted the refueling hose, demonstrated precision control in formation with manual and automated breakaway maneuvers, flew in formation as close as 30 ft (9.1 m), and autonomously flew in close formation for over 2.5 hours under autonomous control within 100 ft (30 m) (one wingspan) of each other.[3] In a departure from traditional refueling methods, the tanker is fitted with a refueling probe on the nose, which trails behind the receiving aircraft equipped with a hose-drum unit under the fuselage, plugging into the drogue and pushing the fuel upwards. Autonomous aerial refueling was expected to extend the Global Hawk's endurance from 30–35 hours to 120–125 hours, set by payload reliability more than engine oil consumption.[4]
The KQ-X program ended in September 2012 without airborne fuel transfer occurring between the two UAVs. The two Global Hawks used in demonstrations were owned by NASA and jointly operated with Northrop Grumman. NASA required the two planes for atmospheric science missions in June 2012 after flight control testing and had to de-modify and reconfigure them to perform hurricane tracking flights after that. Further tests could have been performed, but NASA halted the use of the Global Hawks that June after a Navy operated version crashed. The May 30 flight was the ninth and final test of the program, with the two aircraft flying close at 44,800 ft (13,700 m) to measure aerodynamic and control interactions. Data from the flights were put into virtual simulations that concluded 60 percent of autonomous refueling attempts would result in contact between the refueling probe and receiver drogue. Further unmanned refueling tests were carried out under the Unmanned Combat Air System Demonstrator program with software from the Northrop Grumman X-47B UAV.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Photo Release -- DARPA Tasks Northrop Grumman to Demonstrate Autonomous Aerial Refueling'. Archived from the original on 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
- ^ ab'Northrop Grumman to Demonstrate NASA KQ-X Global Hawk Autonomous Aerial Refueling.' Guide to Military Equipment and Civil Aviation. N.p., 1 July 2010. Web. 13 July 2010.
- ^Global Hawks move closer to unmanned refueling - SuasNews.com, October 9, 2012
- ^KQ-X - Yes, That IS How They Do It- Aviationweek.com, 22 August 2012 Archived 4 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^Hurricane Casualty -- KQ-X Unmanned Refueling Demo- Aviationweek.com, 15 October 2012 Archived 12 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
Kq.rose, Kq.rose Fashion brand, Kq.rose Fashion, Kq.rose Official Website, Industrial Co., Ltd. of Shenzhen City Steel Roses is a professional design, production, sales of national well-known high fashion denim garment enterprises, operating with
Fashion BrandsThis is the world of fashion on cbamd.com
Clothing brand, Fashion Brands, Brand joined, Agents joined, clothing Daigou, stores, fashion brand, purchase, purchasing
Welcome to cbamd.com! High quality products wholesale!More then 9999 fashion brands in cbamd.com from China, Japan, Korea, United States, Canada, Australia, France, Italy, Spain, Germeny, EtcParis fashion week, Milan fashion week, London fashion week, NewYork fashion week, HongKong fashion week, Tokyo fashion week, Sydney fashion week, Canton fashion week, Shanghai fashion week, Etc.
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Kq.rose, Kq.rose Fashion, Women brand2021-02-02 13:23:39
Daphne spring and summer sweet Mary Jane shoes fashion pointed word buckle shallow mouth thick with sandals$ 219
Daphne Du Lala pointed sheepskin shallow leather thick with comfort comfortable heels$ 299
PU leisure fashion ladies backpack$ 39
925 sterling silver micro-set five-pointed star Korean version of the ring$ 24
Noble shirt sleeve dress$ 39
Shoes Company Canada
description
Industrial Co., Ltd. of Shenzhen City Steel Roses is a professional design, production, sales of national well-known high fashion denim garment enterprises, operating with 'Common Sense Rose' main brand young fashion denim products. The company 'unique, quality, service' business philosophy, through a professional R & D center in Shenzhen, the local first-class fashion and efficient processing of modern technology and flexible business model, so sonorous and roses growing brand in just a few years for the Chinese Women well-known brands on the market, products are popular among consumers
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- Silver Girl
- Jessi Malay
- MANDY
- Ariadna Majewska
- Ilanka Verhoeven
- Lisa Olsson
- Perventina Ols
- Bethany Struble
Kq.rose Style
Kq.rose: Wearing my own line shoes <3
ALEXANDRA PER., 32 YEAR OLD STUDENT FROM SPAIN0 COMMENTS / / 2021-11-17 19:54
Kq.rose: Remember to think
ROXANA PHILLIPS., 33 YEAR OLD FASHION STYLIST FROM MEXICO0 COMMENTS / / 2021-11-10 19:57
Kq.rose: I may be holding your hand but I'm holding it loose
PETER ADRIAN., 35 YEAR OLD STUDENT OF ARCHITECTURE FROM UNITED STATES0 COMMENTS / / 2021-05-07 13:32
More women brand
- 02-02XY
ZADID VOLTAIRE - 02-02Starlink
Shoes - 02-02Starlink
Pants - 02-02Starlink
return product - 02-02Starlink
ORDERED BOOTS - 02-02Cofi
Holiday tennis shoes - 02-02Amici
Sweater - 02-02Bernini
blouse
More women brand topic
Fashion Wikipedia
More then 9999 brands in cbamd.com from China, Japan, Korea, United States, Canada, Australia, France, Italy, Spain, Germeny, Etc.
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Kq.rose, Kq.rose Fashion brand, Kq.rose Fashion, Kq.rose Official Website, Industrial Co., Ltd. of Shenzhen City Steel Roses is a professional design, production, sales of national well-known high fashion denim garment enterprises, operating with
